In geoenvironmental engineering, geosynthetics are widely used to contain fluids and protect the environment. Applications include lagoons for contaminated fluid, valuable process solutions, and drinking water; dams; and mining applications such as heap leach pads, tailings storage facilities where loss of fluid to surface water or groundwater must be minimized, and in capping waste rock where the ingress of water and oxygen need to be minimized to reduce generation of acid rock drainage.